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Refractory materials for iron and steel metallurgy
Refractory materials for iron and steel metallurgy are indispensable and important materials in the process of steel smelting. They are mainly used for the lining of smelting equipment such as blast furnaces, converters, and electric furnaces to protect the equipment from high temperature erosion. The following is a detailed introduction to refractory materials for iron and steel metallurgy:
Types：
There are many types of refractory materials used in iron and steel metallurgy, which can be divided into three categories according to their composition: acidic, alkaline and neutral.
Acidic refractory materials: mainly composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), with good acid resistance. For example, quartz bricks are made of quartz sand, with high refractoriness, but good acid resistance and poor alkali resistance. Alumina silicate bricks contain bauxite or bauxite, and have good thermal and chemical stability.
Basic refractory materials: mainly magnesium oxide (MgO) or calcium oxide (CaO), suitable for alkaline environments. Magnesia bricks are the most important products among alkaline refractory materials. The main component is magnesium oxide. They have high refractoriness and good corrosion resistance to iron oxides, alkaline slag and high calcium flux. Lime bricks are made of quicklime, which is converted into calcium oxide and are mainly used in blast furnace linings.
Neutral refractory materials: compatible with both acidity and alkalinity, mainly used in high-temperature furnaces. For example, chrome bricks, materials containing chromium, are resistant to high temperatures and corrosion, and are mainly used in industries such as steel smelting. Mullite bricks are mainly composed of mullite, have good thermal stability and strength, and are made of clay ore sintered at high temperatures. The refractoriness is generally between 1200 and 1400°C, and they are widely used and suitable for various furnace linings.
In addition, there are some special refractory materials, such as high-alumina products (such as andalusite bricks, high-alumina unfired electric furnace top bricks, etc.), corundum spinel integral castables, aluminum-magnesium refractory castables, etc. These materials have excellent refractory properties and corrosion resistance and are widely used in the field of steel metallurgy.
Performance requirements
The requirements for refractory materials in the steel smelting process are very strict, mainly including the following points:
High refractoriness: Refractory materials should be able to withstand high temperatures to ensure the normal operation of smelting equipment.
Good thermal shock resistance: It can withstand rapid changes in temperature and prevent cracks and breakages in the furnace lining refractory materials.
High strength: Able to withstand moderate compressive stress and friction under high and low temperature conditions.
Strong corrosion resistance: It has the ability to resist corrosion from slag (including acidic slag and alkaline slag).
Able to withstand the huge liquid pressure and buoyancy of molten metal: ensuring safety and stability during the smelting process.
Application
Refractory materials for iron and steel metallurgy are widely used as lining materials for smelting equipment such as blast furnaces, converters, and electric furnaces to protect the equipment from high temperature erosion. At the same time, they are also used as lining materials for various chemical reactors and thermal equipment to ensure the stable operation of the equipment in harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, and corrosion. In addition, they are also widely used in lining and insulation materials for equipment such as boilers, flues, and dust collectors.
Development Trend
With the continuous advancement of steel smelting technology and the increasing environmental protection requirements, refractory materials for steel metallurgy are developing in the direction of high performance, high environmental protection and long life. In the future, refractory materials for steel metallurgy will pay more attention to the improvement of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and environmental protection performance of materials to meet the higher demands of the steel smelting industry.
In summary, refractory materials for iron and steel metallurgy play a vital role in the process of steel smelting. They are of various types and have different properties. They are widely used in lining materials of smelting equipment such as blast furnaces, converters, electric furnaces, and lining materials of various chemical reactors and thermal equipment. With the continuous advancement of technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, refractory materials for iron and steel metallurgy will continue to upgrade and develop, providing strong support for the sustainable development of the iron and steel smelting industry.
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